This is a chronic venous disease, which is characterized by the thinning of the walls of the extension, the lumen, and the formation of the nodes. Found 40% women, 20% men.
This is a dangerous disease, mainly because of the complications. Inadequate or delayed treatment of evolving as scary as the thrombosis, and thrombophlebitis, and bleeding from the varicose veins.
Thrombosis (partial or complete occlusion of the target vein with a blood clot) or thrombophlebitis (inflammatory disease of the venous wall, thrombosis) develops suddenly, is not associated with physical activity. The swelling quickly spread to the lower limbs accompanied by unbearable pain. Can occur redness or bruising, local tenderness of the skin. In the case where the distance between the clot blood in the blood vessels of the lungs, or in the case of full or partial closure of the vessels can lead to severe disease - pulmonary embolism. This complication is often fatal. If you suspect that these complications, then immediately in a horizontal position, raise your legs up on the phone to contact emergency medical help. When the trauma to the dilated blood vessels may be heavy bleeding. In this case, there is an urgent need to do the leg above the bleeding tourniquet (medical or improvised), to the bleeding's stopped, but urgently to call an ambulance.
The weakness of the muscular layer of the venous wall and valvular incompetence is the reason to influence the actions of the "muscle-pump" the blood begins to flow in the opposite direction, down. This leads to increased pressure, the walls of the blood vessels, the further progression of the valve disease, enlargement of the lumen of veins and knots. The muscle fibers of vein walls atrophy, disrupted nerve receptors, which regulate venous tone, which, in turn, further increases the manifestations of venous insufficiency. Risk factors for developing the disease are: genetic predisposition, pregnancy, obesity, daily for a long period of sitting or standing, activities related to lifting, regular wearing of tight clothing, corsets, improper diet, insufficient intake of dietary fiber, vitamins violations of hormonal status.
Clinical symptoms
The main visible sign of the varicose disease - saccular or cylindrical dilation of superficial veins. Varicose veins in the legs become branched, must extend above the surface of the skin of the leg. Varices maximally expressed after a hard or long exercise. In the early stage of the disease, worried about the fatigue, feeling of heaviness in the legs, burning, mild swelling, the severity of which the maximum after training. May be temporary swelling, pain, pain, and the blood vessels. Timely access to a specialist even at the initial stage to prevent further diseases. The progression of the disease of developing chronic venous insufficiency.
Diagnosis of varicose veins
The "gold" standard is considered a diagnostic ultrasound of the veins of the lower limbs, which determines the affected areas veins. This principle is based on anatomical classification of varicose veins, indicating the changed ship. For example, the defeat, the big vein in the saphenous above or below the knee, small vein saphenous. When the data for the non-invasive method the use of surgical methods, the investigation, e.g. venography (the injection of a contrast material to assess the condition of the venous system).
The treatment of varicose veins
Non-surgical treatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs gives good results only in the opening stages of the disease when the skin manifestations are not strongly expressed only moderately reduces the work ability.
This is a surgical disease, complete cure is possible only after surgical treatment:
- Phlebectomy - surgical removal of varicose dilated veins. The aim of the operation is the elimination of the abnormal flow of the blood, by removing the main trunk of the great or small vein saphenous and ligation of communication veins. More types of surgery. They can be applied to almost everything, even the hard cases. While these methods remove the vein to the affected and healthy segments of the veins remaining. Vienna, as if carefully peeled, not cut tissue, which also reduces the surgical trauma. The same thing happens if the surgery technique, and also this creates less bruising, as the cold reduces the spasm of the bleeding.
- Varicose veins introduction in the vein of a special chemical (sclerosant) which causes "caking" of the vein wall by the cessation of blood flow through it. As a result, no abnormal discharge, the blood, eliminates the cosmetic defect, like Vienna, collapse, and become invisible. Sclerotherapy is effective only when the expansion of the small branches of the main trunks, which limit the application of the high severity process. The advantage of sclerotherapy is the lack of scars, the need for hospitalization. After a workout the veins in concrete rehabilitation required.
- Laser coagulation - a method based on the destruction of the vein wall, the warm, the laser exposure, which is the "spike" in the venous lumen. Only visible if the extension veins is not more than 10 mm. the Method associated with the anesthesia. Cosmetically the advantage, but after veins removal requires early activation of the patient, and long-term elastic compression.